Difference between revisions of "WG138 Taxonomy"
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− | + | == Taxonomy and Gallery == | |
− | + | There are approximately ~50 extant [[WG138:Planktic_foraminifera| Planktic foraminifera]] that can be identified via their morphology, this number however does not include the cryptic diversity. Outlined below are the names of all living species of planktonic foraminifera, including the author, original name and the repository where the type specimen is stored. Follow the links in the image column to a [http://foraminiferaimagedatabase.marum.de/gallery2/main.php?g2_page=1 gallery] of each individual species and the links in the species name to a taxonomic description. The list will be evolving as the work of the SCOR WG138 progresses, in the mean time there exists several alternative lists of living species planktic foraminifera including [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=414700 WoRMS], [http://www.marinespecies.org/foraminifera/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=414700 the World Foraminifera Database (part of WoRMS)] and [http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=zsao&id=3&menuentry=groepen Marine Species Identification Portal]. | |
+ | SCOR WG138 currently also seeks to establish an internationally recognisable [[media:SCOR_WG138_colour_codes.pdf|colour and symbol code]] for the most abundant species [[media:SCOR WG138 swatches.zip|(Adobe Illustrator swatches]] can be sent on request). | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Type Specimen == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Type specimens are those specimens that represent the key features of a species and act as the standard reference for that species. This type specimen along with a published description (a 'type description') forms a key part of the process of designating a species under the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature International Code of Zoological Nomenclature], they can either be the original specimen used to devise the species by the author or in the case of loss, damage, or in some circumstances unsuitability of the original can be new specimens elected to serve that purpose. Type specimens are stored at either Universities, Public collections or Museums in order to allow researchers access to them in the event of taxonomic dispute, revision or identification of a new species. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Holotype''' is a single specimen described in the type description. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Lechtotype''' is a specimen selected from a number of specimens that were decribed in the type description. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Neotype''' is a specimen that replaces a holotype that was either lost, damaged or in some instances where no holotype was designated. | ||
---- | ---- | ||
+ | |||
Line 18: | Line 30: | ||
<th>Author</th> | <th>Author</th> | ||
<th width="16%">First published as</th> | <th width="16%">First published as</th> | ||
+ | <th>Synonyms</th> | ||
<th>Type specimen</th> | <th>Type specimen</th> | ||
<th>Repository</th> | <th>Repository</th> | ||
Line 26: | Line 39: | ||
<td>(Brady, 1879)</td> | <td>(Brady, 1879)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina digitata</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina digitata</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH 1958.8.18.3</td> | <td>London, BMNH 1958.8.18.3</td> | ||
Line 34: | Line 48: | ||
<td>(Parker, 1962)</td> | <td>(Parker, 1962)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globorotalia pumilio</i></td> | <td><i>Globorotalia pumilio</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM MO 638792</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM MO 638792</td> | ||
Line 42: | Line 57: | ||
<td>d’Orbigny, 1839</td> | <td>d’Orbigny, 1839</td> | ||
<td><i>Candeina nitida</i></td> | <td><i>Candeina nitida</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>None designated?</td> | <td>None designated?</td> | ||
<td>Paris, MNHN</td> | <td>Paris, MNHN</td> | ||
Line 50: | Line 66: | ||
<td>(Parker, 1967)</td> | <td>(Parker, 1967)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globorotalia anfracta</i></td> | <td><i>Globorotalia anfracta</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington DC, USNM MO 643076</td> | <td>Washington DC, USNM MO 643076</td> | ||
Line 58: | Line 75: | ||
<td>(Cushman, 1934)</td> | <td>(Cushman, 1934)</td> | ||
<td><i>Gümbelitria</i> (?) <i>vivans</i></td> | <td><i>Gümbelitria</i> (?) <i>vivans</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM CC 21515</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM CC 21515</td> | ||
Line 66: | Line 84: | ||
<td>d’Orbigny, 1826</td> | <td>d’Orbigny, 1826</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina bulloides</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina bulloides</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>Paris, MNHN, Nr. 12309</td> | <td>Paris, MNHN, Nr. 12309</td> | ||
Line 74: | Line 93: | ||
<td>Blow, 1959</td> | <td>Blow, 1959</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina falconensis</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina falconensis</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washingtin, DC, USNM MO 625697</td> | <td>Washingtin, DC, USNM MO 625697</td> | ||
Line 82: | Line 102: | ||
<td>(Banner & Blow, 1959)</td> | <td>(Banner & Blow, 1959)</td> | ||
<td><i>Hastigerina (Bolliela) adamsi</i></td> | <td><i>Hastigerina (Bolliela) adamsi</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH 1958.8.18.1</td> | <td>London, BMNH 1958.8.18.1</td> | ||
Line 90: | Line 111: | ||
<td>(Parker, 1962)</td> | <td>(Parker, 1962)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina calida</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina calida</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington DC, USNM MO 638685</td> | <td>Washington DC, USNM MO 638685</td> | ||
Line 98: | Line 120: | ||
<td>(d´Orbigny, 1839)</td> | <td>(d´Orbigny, 1839)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina siphonifera</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina siphonifera</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>G. aequilateralis</i></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>Paris, MNHN</td> | <td>Paris, MNHN</td> | ||
Line 106: | Line 129: | ||
<td>(Egger, 1893)</td> | <td>(Egger, 1893)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina glutinata</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina glutinata</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>None designated?</td> | <td>None designated?</td> | ||
<td>? Berlin</td> | <td>? Berlin</td> | ||
Line 114: | Line 138: | ||
<td>(Natland, 1938)</td> | <td>(Natland, 1938)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerinoides minuta</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerinoides minuta</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM PP 22561</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM PP 22561</td> | ||
Line 122: | Line 147: | ||
<td>(Ehrenberg, 1862)</td> | <td>(Ehrenberg, 1862)</td> | ||
<td><i>Pylodexia uvula</i></td> | <td><i>Pylodexia uvula</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>G. bradyi</i></td> | ||
<td>None formally designated</td> | <td>None formally designated</td> | ||
<td>Berlin, Museum für Naturkunde</td> | <td>Berlin, Museum für Naturkunde</td> | ||
Line 130: | Line 156: | ||
<td>(Brady, 1879)</td> | <td>(Brady, 1879)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina conglobata</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina conglobata</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH 1959.4.13.7</td> | <td>London, BMNH 1959.4.13.7</td> | ||
Line 138: | Line 165: | ||
<td>(d´Orbigny, 1826)</td> | <td>(d´Orbigny, 1826)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina elongata</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina elongata</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>Paris, MNHN, number not given</td> | <td>Paris, MNHN, number not given</td> | ||
Line 146: | Line 174: | ||
<td>(d’Orbigny, 1839)</td> | <td>(d’Orbigny, 1839)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina rubra</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina rubra</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>Paris, MNHN, Nr. IV.12.14</td> | <td>Paris, MNHN, Nr. IV.12.14</td> | ||
Line 154: | Line 183: | ||
<td>(Brady, 1877)</td> | <td>(Brady, 1877)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina sacculifera</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina sacculifera</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>G. trilobus, G. quadrilobatus, G. immaturus</i></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH P.44033</td> | <td>London, BMNH P.44033</td> | ||
Line 162: | Line 192: | ||
<td>(Schwager, 1866)</td> | <td>(Schwager, 1866)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina conglomerata</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina conglomerata</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Neotype</td> | <td>Neotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH P.44031</td> | <td>London, BMNH P.44031</td> | ||
Line 170: | Line 201: | ||
<td>Bé, 1967</td> | <td>Bé, 1967</td> | ||
<td><i>Globorotalia cavernula</i></td> | <td><i>Globorotalia cavernula</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington DC, USNM MO 686929</td> | <td>Washington DC, USNM MO 686929</td> | ||
Line 178: | Line 210: | ||
<td>(Galloway & Wissler, 1927)</td> | <td>(Galloway & Wissler, 1927)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina crassaformis</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina crassaformis</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>New York, Columbia University paleontological collections nr. 19816</td> | <td>New York, Columbia University paleontological collections nr. 19816</td> | ||
Line 186: | Line 219: | ||
<td>Cushman & Stewart, 1930</td> | <td>Cushman & Stewart, 1930</td> | ||
<td><i>Globorotalia crassula</i></td> | <td><i>Globorotalia crassula</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM CC 12459</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM CC 12459</td> | ||
Line 194: | Line 228: | ||
<td>(d’Orbigny, 1839)</td> | <td>(d’Orbigny, 1839)</td> | ||
<td><i>Rotalina hirsuta</i></td> | <td><i>Rotalina hirsuta</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Neotype</td> | <td>Neotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH 1968.3.27.1</td> | <td>London, BMNH 1968.3.27.1</td> | ||
Line 202: | Line 237: | ||
<td>(d’Orbigny, 1839)</td> | <td>(d’Orbigny, 1839)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina inflata</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina inflata</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Neotype</td> | <td>Neotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH 1966.2.3.23</td> | <td>London, BMNH 1966.2.3.23</td> | ||
Line 210: | Line 246: | ||
<td>(Parker, Jones & Brady, 1865 after d'Orbigny, 1826 nomen nudum)</td> | <td>(Parker, Jones & Brady, 1865 after d'Orbigny, 1826 nomen nudum)</td> | ||
<td><i>Rotalia menardii</i></td> | <td><i>Rotalia menardii</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>G. cultrata, G. fimbriata, G. flexuosa</i></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype supressed in favor of a Neotype</td> | <td>Lectotype supressed in favor of a Neotype</td> | ||
− | <td>Lectotype | + | <td>Lectotype London, BMNH 1959.7.27.3 Neotype Washington,DC, USNM PAL245371</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
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<td>(Brady, 1882)</td> | <td>(Brady, 1882)</td> | ||
<td><i>Pulvinulina scitula</i></td> | <td><i>Pulvinulina scitula</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>Globorotalia bermudezi</i></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH 1959.6.25.1</td> | <td>London, BMNH 1959.6.25.1</td> | ||
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<td>Fleisher, 1974 </td> | <td>Fleisher, 1974 </td> | ||
<td><i>Globorotalia (Hirsutella) theyeri</i></td> | <td><i>Globorotalia (Hirsutella) theyeri</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>G. hirsuta eastropacia</i></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM PAL 211460</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM PAL 211460</td> | ||
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<td>(d’Orbigny, 1839)</td> | <td>(d’Orbigny, 1839)</td> | ||
<td><i>Rotalina truncatulinoides</i></td> | <td><i>Rotalina truncatulinoides</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Neotype</td> | <td>Neotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH 1968.3.27.2</td> | <td>London, BMNH 1968.3.27.2</td> | ||
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<td>(Brady, 1877)</td> | <td>(Brady, 1877)</td> | ||
<td><i>Pulvinulina menardii</i> var. <i>tumida</i></td> | <td><i>Pulvinulina menardii</i> var. <i>tumida</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH P.44034</td> | <td>London, BMNH P.44034</td> | ||
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<td>Bermúdez, 1961</td> | <td>Bermúdez, 1961</td> | ||
<td><i>Globorotalia ungulata</i></td> | <td><i>Globorotalia ungulata</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM MO 639053</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM MO 639053</td> | ||
Line 258: | Line 300: | ||
<td>(Natland, 1938)</td> | <td>(Natland, 1938)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina hexagona</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina hexagona</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM PP 22560</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM PP 22560</td> | ||
Line 266: | Line 309: | ||
<td>ongoing taxonomic revision </td> | <td>ongoing taxonomic revision </td> | ||
<td>NA</td> | <td>NA</td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>NA</td> | <td>NA</td> | ||
<td>NA</td> | <td>NA</td> | ||
Line 274: | Line 318: | ||
<td>(Hofker, 1956)</td> | <td>(Hofker, 1956)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina rubescens</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina rubescens</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>None designated</td> | <td>None designated</td> | ||
<td>Depository of original material UNKNOWN</td> | <td>Depository of original material UNKNOWN</td> | ||
Line 282: | Line 327: | ||
<td>(Parker, 1958)</td> | <td>(Parker, 1958)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerinoides tenellus</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerinoides tenellus</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM PR 6129</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM PR 6129</td> | ||
Line 290: | Line 336: | ||
<td>(d'Orbigny, 1839)</td> | <td>(d'Orbigny, 1839)</td> | ||
<td><i>Nonionina pelagica</i></td> | <td><i>Nonionina pelagica</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Neotype</td> | <td>Neotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH ZF.1562</td> | <td>London, BMNH ZF.1562</td> | ||
Line 298: | Line 345: | ||
<td>(Rhumbler, 1911)</td> | <td>(Rhumbler, 1911)</td> | ||
<td><i>Hastigerina digitata</i></td> | <td><i>Hastigerina digitata</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>None designated?</td> | <td>None designated?</td> | ||
<td>? Berlin</td> | <td>? Berlin</td> | ||
Line 306: | Line 354: | ||
<td>(d’Orbigny, 1839)</td> | <td>(d’Orbigny, 1839)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina dutertrei</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina dutertrei</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>N. eggeri, N. subcretacea, partially P-D intergrade</i></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>Paris, MNHN, Nr. 84.IV.19.21</td> | <td>Paris, MNHN, Nr. 84.IV.19.21</td> | ||
Line 314: | Line 363: | ||
<td>(Cifelli, 1961)</td> | <td>(Cifelli, 1961)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina incompta</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina incompta</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>N. pachyderma dextral or dextralis, partially P-D intergrade</i></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM MO 628588</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM MO 628588</td> | ||
Line 322: | Line 372: | ||
<td>(Ehrenberg, 1862)</td> | <td>(Ehrenberg, 1862)</td> | ||
<td><i>Aristerospira pachyderma</i></td> | <td><i>Aristerospira pachyderma</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>N. pachyderma sinistral or sinistralis</i></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>Berlin, Museum für Naturkunde, 313-271506, mica 1, blue ring</td> | <td>Berlin, Museum für Naturkunde, 313-271506, mica 1, blue ring</td> | ||
Line 330: | Line 381: | ||
<td>d’Orbigny, 1839</td> | <td>d’Orbigny, 1839</td> | ||
<td><i>Orbulina universa</i></td> | <td><i>Orbulina universa</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>Paris, MNHN, d'Orbigny collection nr. 252</td> | <td>Paris, MNHN, d'Orbigny collection nr. 252</td> | ||
Line 338: | Line 390: | ||
<td>(Roegl & Bolli, 1973)</td> | <td>(Roegl & Bolli, 1973)</td> | ||
<td><i>Hastigerinella riedeli</i></td> | <td><i>Hastigerinella riedeli</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Basel, NHM, C-27164</td> | <td>Basel, NHM, C-27164</td> | ||
Line 346: | Line 399: | ||
<td>(Parker & Jones, 1862)</td> | <td>(Parker & Jones, 1862)</td> | ||
<td><i>Pullenia sphaeroides</i> var. <i>obliquiloculata</i></td> | <td><i>Pullenia sphaeroides</i> var. <i>obliquiloculata</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH ZF.3583</td> | <td>London, BMNH ZF.3583</td> | ||
Line 354: | Line 408: | ||
<td>(Parker & Jones, 1865)</td> | <td>(Parker & Jones, 1865)</td> | ||
<td><i>Sphaeroidina bulloides</i> var. <i>dehiscens</i></td> | <td><i>Sphaeroidina bulloides</i> var. <i>dehiscens</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH ZF.3580</td> | <td>London, BMNH ZF.3580</td> | ||
Line 362: | Line 417: | ||
<td>Li, 1987 </td> | <td>Li, 1987 </td> | ||
<td><i>Tenuitella fleisheri</i></td> | <td><i>Tenuitella fleisheri</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>T. compressa</i></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH P52030</td> | <td>London, BMNH P52030</td> | ||
Line 370: | Line 426: | ||
<td>(Parker, 1962)</td> | <td>(Parker, 1962)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerinita iota</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerinita iota</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM MO 638893</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM MO 638893</td> | ||
Line 378: | Line 435: | ||
<td>(Brönnimann & Resig, 1971)</td> | <td>(Brönnimann & Resig, 1971)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globorotalia parkerae</i></td> | <td><i>Globorotalia parkerae</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington, DC, USNM PAL 219445</td> | <td>Washington, DC, USNM PAL 219445</td> | ||
Line 386: | Line 444: | ||
<td>(Roegl & Bolli, 1973)</td> | <td>(Roegl & Bolli, 1973)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina clarkei</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina clarkei</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Basel, NHM, C-27174</td> | <td>Basel, NHM, C-27174</td> | ||
Line 394: | Line 453: | ||
<td>(Brady, 1884)</td> | <td>(Brady, 1884)</td> | ||
<td><i>Truncatulina humilis</i></td> | <td><i>Truncatulina humilis</i></td> | ||
+ | <td><i>T. cristata</i></td> | ||
<td>Lectotype</td> | <td>Lectotype</td> | ||
<td>London, BMNH 1959.10.2.1</td> | <td>London, BMNH 1959.10.2.1</td> | ||
Line 402: | Line 462: | ||
<td>(Natland, 1938)</td> | <td>(Natland, 1938)</td> | ||
<td><i>Globigerina quinqueloba</i></td> | <td><i>Globigerina quinqueloba</i></td> | ||
+ | <td></td> | ||
<td>Holotype</td> | <td>Holotype</td> | ||
<td>Washington DC, USNM PP 22559</td> | <td>Washington DC, USNM PP 22559</td> |