Difference between revisions of "Glossary"
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| − | Glossary of Terms used in Foraminiferal Research | + | == Glossary of Terms used in Foraminiferal Research == |
(Preliminary Version 1997) | (Preliminary Version 1997) | ||
| − | + | '''Lukas Hottinger and Verena Scheuring''' | |
Geological Institute, Basel University, Switzerland | Geological Institute, Basel University, Switzerland | ||
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| + | '''The final and updated GLOSSARY is already available from: | ||
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| + | Hottinger (2006). [http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/06/M02/index.html Illustrated glossary of terms used in foraminiferal research]. Carnets de Géologie, Memoir 2, ISSN 1634-0744 [http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/06/M02/index.html http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/06/M02/index.html]''' | ||
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| + | '''''THIS IS JUST A TEST:''''' | ||
=== Introduction === | === Introduction === | ||
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Numbers following the definitions refer to selected Plate/Figures in Hottinger et al.1993 where the respective feature is illustrated. | Numbers following the definitions refer to selected Plate/Figures in Hottinger et al.1993 where the respective feature is illustrated. | ||
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== Glossary == | == Glossary == | ||
| + | === A === | ||
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| − | * | + | * [[Abaxial]] - directed away from or far from shell axis. |
* [[Aboral]] - opposite to apertural [oral] end. | * [[Aboral]] - opposite to apertural [oral] end. | ||
| − | * [[Accessory aperture (infralaminal aperture, auct.) | + | * [[Accessory aperture]] (infralaminal [[aperture]], auct.) - opening that does not lead directly into the main chamber lumen, but extends beneath accessory structures (e.g. in bullae). 100/7,8. |
* [[Acicular]] - needle-shaped. | * [[Acicular]] - needle-shaped. | ||
* [[Acicular spine]] - see spine. | * [[Acicular spine]] - see spine. | ||
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* [[Alar prolongation]] - winglike extension of umbilico-lateral portions of involute chambers on lateral surfaces of previous whorls in lenticular tests. May be meandering. 182/1. 224/6. | * [[Alar prolongation]] - winglike extension of umbilico-lateral portions of involute chambers on lateral surfaces of previous whorls in lenticular tests. May be meandering. 182/1. 224/6. | ||
* [[Allopatric speciation]] - emergence of species by geographic isolation of populations for sufficient time to alter the genome of the populations involved to mutual reproductive incompatibility. | * [[Allopatric speciation]] - emergence of species by geographic isolation of populations for sufficient time to alter the genome of the populations involved to mutual reproductive incompatibility. | ||
| − | * [[Alternation of generations]] - see life cycle. | + | * [[Alternation of generations]] - see [[life cycle]]. |
* [[Alveolar layer]] - layer of alveoles in lateral chamber walls forming diagnostic exoskeletal structures lacking a differentiation of beams and rafters as well as polygonal subepidermal patterns, as in opposition to subepidermal, polygonal networks or keriothecal textures. | * [[Alveolar layer]] - layer of alveoles in lateral chamber walls forming diagnostic exoskeletal structures lacking a differentiation of beams and rafters as well as polygonal subepidermal patterns, as in opposition to subepidermal, polygonal networks or keriothecal textures. | ||
* [[Alveole (alveolus, pl. alveoli)]] - recess of varying depth coated by the organic lining in lateral chamber walls, blindly ending with a rounded contour below an epiderm or some equivalent outer layer of the wall and opening into the chamber lumen. May be branching towards the outer part of the wall, each generation of branches forming layers within the wall. | * [[Alveole (alveolus, pl. alveoli)]] - recess of varying depth coated by the organic lining in lateral chamber walls, blindly ending with a rounded contour below an epiderm or some equivalent outer layer of the wall and opening into the chamber lumen. May be branching towards the outer part of the wall, each generation of branches forming layers within the wall. | ||
| − | Remarks: The term alveole is used here exclusively for exoskeletal structures, i.e. for subepidermal, tiny compartments of the chamber cavity coated by organic lining. Alveoles must be distinguished from paraporous or keriothecal cavities belonging to the wall texture. The latter are (by definititon) not filled with living chamber plasm nor coated by the organic lining. The simultaneous presence of both alveolar structures and keriothecal wall texture in the fusulinid Verbeekina and its relatives, the combination of an alveolar exoskeleton with a paraporous external wall in Dicyclina or with a bilamellar perforate wall in Fabiania supports a consequent restriction of the term's use to exoskeletal structures, never to textures. | + | : Remarks: The term alveole is used here exclusively for exoskeletal structures, i.e. for subepidermal, tiny compartments of the chamber cavity coated by organic lining. Alveoles must be distinguished from paraporous or keriothecal cavities belonging to the wall texture. The latter are (by definititon) not filled with living chamber plasm nor coated by the organic lining. The simultaneous presence of both alveolar structures and keriothecal wall texture in the fusulinid Verbeekina and its relatives, the combination of an alveolar exoskeleton with a paraporous external wall in Dicyclina or with a bilamellar perforate wall in Fabiania supports a consequent restriction of the term's use to exoskeletal structures, never to textures. |
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| − | + | : Layers of alveoles coating the lateral chamber wall are present in various agglutinated groups of which ''Cyclammina'' is the most prominent while ''Everticyclammina'' is an early extinct representative of an exoskeletal layer of exclusively undivided, shallow alveoles. The Neogene group of Textulariella (GrÚnhagen and Luterbacher, 1966) has branching alveoles. Among the porcelaneous foraminifera, ''Austrotrillina'' may be an unique group. In this genus, species with deep and branching alveoles (''A. howchini'', Adams, 1968) are said to evolve from earlier forms with layers of shallow, undivided alveoles. | |
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| + | : The term alveole is also used for rows of blind recesses in postseptal position over supplementary apertures in the previous septal face as in ''Subalveolina'' or ''Bullalveolina''. We do not yet know, how to interpret (in terms of exo- or endoskeletal elements) these alveoles nor what might be their biological meaning. | ||
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| + | * [[Annular arrangement]] - arrangement of concentric annular chambers. 81/6. 226/3. | ||
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* [[Annular canal]] - free space between endo- and exoskeletal structures in spirocyclinids. | * [[Annular canal]] - free space between endo- and exoskeletal structures in spirocyclinids. | ||
| − | + | : Remarks: Unrelated to canal systems in lamellar perforate foraminifera. The term should not be used but replaced by annular space. Annular chamber]] - ring-shaped. May be subdivided. 82/1,4. 226/5. 227/5. | |
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* [[Annular passage]] - see preseptal passage. | * [[Annular passage]] - see preseptal passage. | ||
* [[Annulus]] - ring-shaped chamber, wich may be subdivided, or ring-shaped cycle of chamberlets. | * [[Annulus]] - ring-shaped chamber, wich may be subdivided, or ring-shaped cycle of chamberlets. | ||
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* [[Apertural flange]] - see lip. | * [[Apertural flange]] - see lip. | ||
* [[Apertural lip]] - see lip. | * [[Apertural lip]] - see lip. | ||
| − | * [[Apertural plate | + | * [[Apertural plate /basal plate/]] - a plate-like structure along the base of an interiomarginal aperture and restricting the latter. 147/6,9. |
* [[Apertural tooth]] - see miliolid tooth and valvular tooth. | * [[Apertural tooth]] - see miliolid tooth and valvular tooth. | ||
* [[Aperture]] - primary opening within the test or between test elements, putting into communication intrathalamous with extrathalamous cytoplam. May be single or multiple. (See cameral aperture; foliar aperture; supplementary aperture; labial aperture). | * [[Aperture]] - primary opening within the test or between test elements, putting into communication intrathalamous with extrathalamous cytoplam. May be single or multiple. (See cameral aperture; foliar aperture; supplementary aperture; labial aperture). | ||
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* [[Auxilliary tunnel]] - coalescence of several cuniculi as in Polydiexodina. | * [[Auxilliary tunnel]] - coalescence of several cuniculi as in Polydiexodina. | ||
* [[Axial filling]] - secondary deposits in narrow spaces around the axial columella in fusulinids and pfenderinids. Axial section]] - slice bisecting test in plane coinciding with axis of coiling and intersecting proloculus. 82/1. 75/5. 214/1. | * [[Axial filling]] - secondary deposits in narrow spaces around the axial columella in fusulinids and pfenderinids. Axial section]] - slice bisecting test in plane coinciding with axis of coiling and intersecting proloculus. 82/1. 75/5. 214/1. | ||
| − | * [[Axial septulum (in verbeekinid fusulinids) | + | * [[Axial septulum]] (in verbeekinid fusulinids) - exoskeletal structural element parallel to septum and consequently corresponding to the rafter in other exoskeletons of agglutinated foraminifera. |
* [[Axis of coiling]] - imaginary line around which spiral test is coiled. | * [[Axis of coiling]] - imaginary line around which spiral test is coiled. | ||
