Difference between revisions of "APPLICATIONS"
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| + | | [[TAXONOMY]] | [[METHODS]] | [[SHELL]] | [[HABITATS]] | [[Feeding strategies]] | '''[[VirtuaLab]]''' | '''[[Glossary]]''' | [[BIBLIOGRAPHY]] | [[FORAM-Links]] | [[CONTRIBUTORS]] | | ||
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"Foraminifera have been utilised for biostratigraphy for many years, and they have also proven invaluable in '''palaeoenvironmental''' reconstructions most recently for '''palaeoceanographical''' and '''palaeoclimatological''' purposes. For example '''palaeobathymetry''', where assemblage composition is used and palaeotemperature where isotope analysis of foraminifera tests is a standard procedure. In terms of '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostratigraphy biostratigraphy]''', foraminifera have become extremely useful, different forms have shown evolutionary bursts at different periods and generally if one form is not available to be utilised for biostratigraphy another is. For example preservation of calcareous walled foraminifera is dependent on the depth of the water column and Carbonate Compensation Depth (the depth below which dissolution of calcium carbonate exceeds the rate of its deposition), if calcareous walled foraminifera are therefore not preserved agglutinated forms may be. The oldest rocks for which foraminifera have been biostratigraphically useful are Upper Carboniferous to Permian strata, which have been zoned using the larger benthic fusulinids. Planktic foraminifera have become increasingly important biostratigraphic tools, especially as petroleum exploration has extended to offshore environments of increasing depths. The first and last occurrence of distinctive "marker species" from the Cretaceous to Recent (particularly during the Upper Cretaceous) has allowed the development of a well established fine scale biozonation. | "Foraminifera have been utilised for biostratigraphy for many years, and they have also proven invaluable in '''palaeoenvironmental''' reconstructions most recently for '''palaeoceanographical''' and '''palaeoclimatological''' purposes. For example '''palaeobathymetry''', where assemblage composition is used and palaeotemperature where isotope analysis of foraminifera tests is a standard procedure. In terms of '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostratigraphy biostratigraphy]''', foraminifera have become extremely useful, different forms have shown evolutionary bursts at different periods and generally if one form is not available to be utilised for biostratigraphy another is. For example preservation of calcareous walled foraminifera is dependent on the depth of the water column and Carbonate Compensation Depth (the depth below which dissolution of calcium carbonate exceeds the rate of its deposition), if calcareous walled foraminifera are therefore not preserved agglutinated forms may be. The oldest rocks for which foraminifera have been biostratigraphically useful are Upper Carboniferous to Permian strata, which have been zoned using the larger benthic fusulinids. Planktic foraminifera have become increasingly important biostratigraphic tools, especially as petroleum exploration has extended to offshore environments of increasing depths. The first and last occurrence of distinctive "marker species" from the Cretaceous to Recent (particularly during the Upper Cretaceous) has allowed the development of a well established fine scale biozonation. | ||
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| − | [http:// | + | [http://mathinscience.info/public/exploring_climate_change/Fabulous_Foraminifera.pdf '''Fabulous Foraminifera''': examining past climates using microscopic marine organisms] by Barbara Manighetti & Lisa Northcote in ''Water & Atmosphere'', Vol. 8(3), © NIWA 2000 |
