Difference between revisions of "Foraminifera feeding on diatoms"

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m (moved Feeding on diatoms to Foraminifera feeding on diatoms)

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[[~~Image:apertureB1e.gif~~|~~thumb~~|~~left~~|~~200px~~| ~~'''Figure 1:''' Video clip showing the apertural area of the benthic~~ foraminifera ~~Haynesina germanica, collecting benthic diatoms ''Skeletonima costatum'' via pseudopodial network.~~]]

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[[Image:haygercopy.jpg|thumb|right|200px| '''Figure 2:''' The benthic foraminifer ''Haynesina'' ~~germanica~~ collecting benthic diatoms ''Pleurosigma angulatum'' into feeding bundles.]]

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''by [[Heather AUSTIN]]'' (2006)

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[[Image:apertureB1e.gif|thumb|left|200px| '''Figure 1:''' Video clip showing the apertural area of the benthic foraminifera ''Haynesina germanica'', collecting benthic diatoms ''Skeletonima costatum'' via pseudopodial network.]]

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[[Image:haygercopy.jpg|thumb|right|200px| '''Figure 2:''' The benthic foraminifer ''Haynesina germanica'' collecting benthic diatoms ''Pleurosigma angulatum'' into feeding bundles.]]

[[Image:haynesinaSEM.jpg|thumb|right|200px| '''Figure 3: Scanning electron micrograph of apertural view in ''Haynesina germanica''; numerous tubercles are clearly visible.]]

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Benthic foraminifera are known to feed on (Murray, 1963; Lee et al., 1966; Lee, 1980; Anderson et al.,1991; Moodley et al., 2000; Ward et al., 2003) and/or sequester diatoms (Lopez, 1979; Cedhagen, 1991; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999; Correia and Lee, 2000, 2002) and their chloroplasts. Intracellular ingestion, also known as phagocytosis, is recognised among some foraminifera species e.g. Crithionina delacai (Gooday et al., 1995).

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Benthic foraminifera are known to feed on (Murray, 1963; Lee et al., 1966; Lee, 1980; Anderson et al.,1991; Moodley et al., 2000; Ward et al., 2003) and/or sequester diatoms (Lopez, 1979; Cedhagen, 1991; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999; Correia and Lee, 2000, 2002) and their chloroplasts. Intracellular ingestion, also known as phagocytosis, is recognised among some foraminifera species e.g. ''Crithionina delacai'' (Gooday et al., 1995).

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The mechanism by which foraminifera feed on diatoms is not well understood. Previous studies have suggested a possible function for the surface “tooth-like” tubercles in modern benthic foraminifera (Arnold, 1964; Banner and Culver, 1978; Alexander and Banner, 1984; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999). Studies of ''H. germanica'' (Alexander and Banner, 1984; Banner and Culver, 1978) suggest that as food particles are transported over the surface of the foraminifera, they are channeled to areas of high tubercle density. In H. germanica this correlates with the major aperture and the latero-umbilical supplementary apertures (Alexander and Banner, 1984) (Figure 3). As the particles are moved past the tubercles, they are sorted by size and larger fragments become disaggregated in preparation for later ingestion (phagocytosis) at the apertures (Banner and Culver, 1978; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999). Alexander and Banner (1984) further suggested that the forces created during this active transportation over the tubercles were of sufficient magnitude to break open diatom frustules releasing the diatom contents, including the chloroplasts, for ingestion.

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The mechanism by which foraminifera feed on diatoms is not well understood. Previous studies have suggested a possible function for the surface “tooth-like” tubercles in modern benthic foraminifera (Arnold, 1964; Banner and Culver, 1978; Alexander and Banner, 1984; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999). Studies of ''H. germanica'' (Alexander and Banner, 1984; Banner and Culver, 1978) suggest that as food particles are transported over the surface of the foraminifera, they are channeled to areas of high tubercle density. In ''H. germanica'' this correlates with the major aperture and the latero-umbilical supplementary apertures (Alexander and Banner, 1984) (Figure 3). As the particles are moved past the tubercles, they are sorted by size and larger fragments become disaggregated in preparation for later ingestion (phagocytosis) at the apertures (Banner and Culver, 1978; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999). Alexander and Banner (1984) further suggested that the forces created during this active transportation over the tubercles were of sufficient magnitude to break open diatom frustules releasing the diatom contents, including the chloroplasts, for ingestion.

Difference between revisions of "Foraminifera feeding on diatoms"

Latest revision as of 20:18, 24 June 2011

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Image:apertureB1e.gif|thumb|left|200px| <font size="2">'''Figure 1:''' Video clip showing the apertural area of the benthic foraminifera Haynesina germanica, collecting benthic diatoms  ''Skeletonima costatum'' via pseudopodial network.]]
+| [[Foraminifera]]  | [[HABITATS]] | [[Feeding strategies]]  |  [[Benthic foraminifera]] | [[Planktic foraminifera]] |
-[[Image:haygercopy.jpg|thumb|right|200px| <font size="2">'''Figure 2:''' The benthic foraminifer ''Haynesina'' germanica collecting benthic diatoms ''Pleurosigma angulatum'' into feeding bundles.]]
+----
+''by [[Heather AUSTIN]]'' (2006)
+[[Image:apertureB1e.gif|thumb|left|200px| <font size="2">'''Figure 1:''' Video clip showing the apertural area of the benthic foraminifera ''Haynesina germanica'', collecting benthic diatoms  ''Skeletonima costatum'' via pseudopodial network.]]
+[[Image:haygercopy.jpg|thumb|right|200px| <font size="2">'''Figure 2:''' The benthic foraminifer ''Haynesina germanica'' collecting benthic diatoms ''Pleurosigma angulatum'' into feeding bundles.]]
 [[Image:haynesinaSEM.jpg|thumb|right|200px| <font size="2">'''Figure 3: Scanning electron micrograph of apertural view in ''Haynesina germanica''; numerous tubercles are clearly visible.]]
-Benthic foraminifera are known to feed on (Murray, 1963; Lee et al., 1966; Lee, 1980; Anderson et al.,1991; Moodley et al., 2000; Ward et al., 2003) and/or sequester diatoms (Lopez, 1979; Cedhagen, 1991; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999; Correia and Lee, 2000, 2002) and their chloroplasts. Intracellular ingestion, also known as phagocytosis, is recognised among some foraminifera species e.g. Crithionina delacai (Gooday et al., 1995).
+Benthic foraminifera are known to feed on (Murray, 1963; Lee et al., 1966; Lee, 1980; Anderson et al.,1991; Moodley et al., 2000; Ward et al., 2003) and/or sequester diatoms (Lopez, 1979; Cedhagen, 1991; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999; Correia and Lee, 2000, 2002) and their chloroplasts. Intracellular ingestion, also known as phagocytosis, is recognised among some foraminifera species e.g. ''Crithionina delacai'' (Gooday et al., 1995).
@@ Line 11: / Line 18: @@
-The mechanism by which foraminifera feed on diatoms is not well understood. Previous studies have suggested a possible function for the surface “tooth-like” tubercles in modern benthic foraminifera (Arnold, 1964; Banner and Culver, 1978; Alexander and Banner, 1984; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999). Studies of ''H. germanica'' (Alexander and Banner, 1984; Banner and Culver, 1978) suggest that as food particles are transported over the surface of the foraminifera, they are channeled to areas of high tubercle density. In H. germanica this correlates with the major aperture and the latero-umbilical supplementary apertures (Alexander and Banner, 1984) (Figure 3). As the particles are moved past the tubercles, they are sorted by size and larger fragments become disaggregated in preparation for later ingestion (phagocytosis) at the apertures (Banner and Culver, 1978; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999). Alexander and Banner (1984) further suggested that the forces created during this active transportation over the tubercles were of sufficient magnitude to break open diatom frustules releasing the diatom contents, including the chloroplasts, for ingestion.
+The mechanism by which foraminifera feed on diatoms is not well understood. Previous studies have suggested a possible function for the surface “tooth-like” tubercles in modern benthic foraminifera (Arnold, 1964; Banner and Culver, 1978; Alexander and Banner, 1984; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999). Studies of ''H. germanica'' (Alexander and Banner, 1984; Banner and Culver, 1978) suggest that as food particles are transported over the surface of the foraminifera, they are channeled to areas of high tubercle density. In ''H. germanica'' this correlates with the major aperture and the latero-umbilical supplementary apertures (Alexander and Banner, 1984) (Figure 3). As the particles are moved past the tubercles, they are sorted by size and larger fragments become disaggregated in preparation for later ingestion (phagocytosis) at the apertures (Banner and Culver, 1978; Bernhard and Bowser, 1999). Alexander and Banner (1984) further suggested that the forces created during this active transportation over the tubercles were of sufficient magnitude to break open diatom frustules releasing the diatom contents, including the chloroplasts, for ingestion.