View source for TAXONOMY

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{| width="80%" bgcolor="#fff4f4" id="toc"
!align="left" colspan="2"|Foraminiferal taxonomy is primarily based on the [[composition]] and morphology of the [[test]]. Unfortunately, "the division of the Foraminifera into subgroups is problematic; existing morphology-based schemes (e.g. Loeblich and Tappan 1988) are not fully consistent with molecular phylogenetic data ... Molecular analyses reveal that polythalamous tests evolved at least twice: in the lineage leading to a large radiation of agglutinated textulariids and calcareous rotaliids, and in the lineage leading to miliolids, characterized by microgranular, high-Mg calcitic walls" (after [[BIBLIOGRAPHY|Pawlowski et al. 2003]]; from [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/jeu/52/5 Adl et al. 2005] - p.418). 
|}


<font size="4">Domain: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote Eukaryota] Whittaker & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis Margulis], 1978

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_%28biology%29 Kingdom]: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protist Protista] Haeckel, 1866 <font size="2">''     ..... See [http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/environconcerns/hab/ga/family_tree/index.phtml Phylogeny of Protista]''
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PHYLUM Granoloreticulosa

ORDER [[Foraminifera|Foraminiferida]] Eichwald, 1830
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== SUBORDER [[Allogromiina]] Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 ==

== SUBORDER [http://www.ifremer.fr/crema/PGSauriau/foraminifera/taxonomy/textulariina.html Textulariina] Delage & Herouard, 1896 ==
=== SUPERFAMILY Hormosinacea Haeckel, 1894 ===
* FAMILY Hormosinidae Haeckel, 1894
: SUBFAMILY Reophacinae Cushman, 1919

=== SUPERFAMILY Lituolacea de Blainville, 1827 ===
* FAMILY Haplophragmoididae Maync, 1952

== SUBORDER [[Fusulinina]] Wedekind 1937 ==

=== SUPERFAMILY Parathuramminacea Bykova,  1955 ===
=== SUPERFAMILY Earlandiacea Cummings, 1955 ===
=== SUPERFAMILY Archaediscacea Cushman 1928 ===
=== SUPERFAMILY Moravamminacea Pokorny, 1951 ===
=== SUPERFAMILY Nodosinellacea Rhumbler, 1895 ===
=== SUPERFAMILY Ptychocladiacea Elias, 1950 ===
=== SUPERFAMILY Endothyracea Brady, 1884 ===
=== SUPERFAMILY Tetrataxacea Galloway, 1933 === 
=== SUPERFAMILY Fusulinacea von Moeller, 1878 === 



== SUBORDER [[Involutinina]] Hohenegger & Piller, 1977 ==


== SUBORDER [http://www.ifremer.fr/crema/PGSauriau/foraminifera/taxonomy/spirillinina.html Spirillinina] Hoheneger & Piller, 1975 ==
* FAMILY Spirillinidae Reuss & fritsch, 1861


== SUBORDER [http://www.ifremer.fr/crema/PGSauriau/foraminifera/taxonomy/miliolina.html Miliolina] Delage & Hérouard, 1896 ==
=== SUPERFAMILY Cornuspiracea Schultze, 1854 ===
* FAMILY Cornuspiridae Schultze, 1854
: SUBFAMILY Cornuspirinae Schultze, 1854

=== SUPERFAMILY Miliolacea Ehrenberg, 1839 ===
* FAMILY Spiroloculinidae Wiesner, 1920
* FAMILY Hauerinidae Schwager, 1876
: SUBFAMILY Siphonapertinae Saidova, 1975
: SUBFAMILY Hauerininae Schwager, 1876
: SUBFAMILY Miliolinellinae Vella, 1957

== SUBORDER [http://www.ifremer.fr/crema/PGSauriau/foraminifera/taxonomy/lagenina.html Lagenina] Delage & Hérouard, 1896 ==
=== SUPERFAMILY Nodasariacea Ehrenberg, 1838 ===
* FAMILY Vaginulinidae Reuss, 1860
: SUBFAMILY Lenticulininae Chapman, Parr & Collins, 1934
: SUBFAMILY Marginulininae Wedekind, 1937
* FAMILY Lagenidae Reuss, 1862
* FAMILY Polymorphinidae d'Orbigny, 1839
: SUBFAMILY Polymorphininae d'Orbigny, 1839
* FAMILY Ellipsolagenidae Silvestri, 1923
: SUBFAMILY Oolininae Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
: SUBFAMILY Ellipsolageninae Silvestri, 1923
: SUBFAMILY Parafissurininae Jones, 1984



== SUBORDER [http://www.ifremer.fr/crema/PGSauriau/foraminifera/taxonomy/robertinina.html Robertinina] Loeblich & Tappan, 1984 ==
=== SUPERFAMILY Ceratobuliminidae Cushman, 1927 ===
* FAMILY Ceratobuliminidae Cushman, 1927
: SUBFAMILY Ceratobulimininae Cushman, 1927


== SUBORDER [http://www.ifremer.fr/crema/PGSauriau/foraminifera/taxonomy/rotaliina.html Rotaliina] Delage & Hérouard, 1896 ==
=== SUPERFAMILLY Bolivinacea Glaessner, 1937 ===
* FAMILY Bolivinidae Glaessner, 1937
=== SUPERDAMILY Cassidulinacea d'Orbigny, 1839 ===
* FAMILY Cassidulinidae d'Orbigny, 1839
: SUBFAMILY Cassidulininae d'Orbigny, 1839

=== SUPERFAMILY Eouvigerinacea Cushman, 1927 ===
* FAMILY Lacosteinidae Sigal, 1952

=== SUPERFAMILY Turrilinacea Cushman, 1927 ===
* FAMILY Stainforthiidae Reiss, 1963

=== SUPERFAMILY Buliminacea Jones, 1875 ===
* FAMILY Buliminidae Jones, 1875
* FAMILY Buliminellidae Hofker, 1951
* FAMILY Uvigerinidae Haeckel, 1894
: SUBFAMILY Angulogerininae Galloway, 1933

=== SUPERFAMILY Fursenkoinacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 ===
* FAMILY Virgulinelidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984

=== SUPERFAMILY Discorbacea Ehrenberg, 1838 ===
* FAMILY Rosalinidae Reiss, 1963
* FAMILY Rotaliellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964

=== SUPERFAMILY Planorbulinacea Schwager, 1877 ===
FAMILY Cibicidae Cushman, 1927
: SUBFAMILY Cibicidinae Cushman, 1927
* FAMILY Planorbulinidae Schwager, 1877
: SUBFAMILY Planorbulininae Schwager, 1877

=== SUPERFAMILY Asterigerinacea d'Orbigny, 1839 ===
* FAMILY Asterigerinatidae Reiss, 1963

=== SUPERFAMILY Nonionacea Schultze, 1854 ===
* FAMILY Nonionidae Schultze, 1854
: SUBFAMILY Nonioninae Schultze, 1854

=== SUPERFAMILY Chilistomellacea Brady, 1881 ===
* FAMILY Trichohylidae Saidova, 1981

=== SUPERFAMILY Rotaliacea Ehrenberg, 1839 ===
* FAMILY Rotaliidae Ehrenberg, 1939
: SUBFAMILY AMMONIINAE Saidova, 1981
* FAMILY Elphidiidae Galloway, 1933
: SUBFAMILY Elphidiinae Galloway, 1933



== SUBORDER [[Globigerinina]] Délage & Herouard, 1896 ==
* FAMILY Globigerinidae
* FAMILY Globotruncanidae
* FAMILY Globorotaliidae


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Partly adopted & simplified after [http://www.ifremer.fr/crema/PGSauriau/foraminifera/taxonomy/liste.html http://www.ifremer.fr/crema/PGSauriau/foraminifera/taxonomy/liste.html]

See also:
[http://ethomas.web.wesleyan.edu/BFTAXONOMY.HTM URBINO SUMMER SCHOOL IN PALEOCLIMATOLOGY, 2005, DEEP-SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA by Ellen Thomas]