View source for Pore-fields

[[File:Fig 75.jpg|thumb|<font size="2">'''Fig. 1.''' The pore and its organic constituents.
'''A:''' a pore in an inner chamber covered by an outer whorl, according to Leutenegger (1977), schematic, not to scale. '''B:''' Accumulation of mitochondria below a pore mouth in ''Bolivina'' sp., thus indicating the pores' main function: gas exchange. TEM micrograph of a section oblique to the surface ot the wall that exaggerates the thickness of the pore discs. The detachment of the outer lamella 2 (ouL 2) is an artifact of preparation. x 24,000. Courtesy S. Reber-Leutenegger. '''C:''' Resin cast of pores in the lateral chamber wall of ''Nummulites partschi'' De La Harpe with trabeculae. The carbonates of the shell are dissolved with HCl. SEM graph x 1,000. '''D:''' Outer pore mouths in the lateral suface of chamber wall of ''Assilina''. Note the annular attachment of the interlamellar discs. SEM graph x 5,000. E: Inner pore mouths in the lateral chamber wall of ''Assilina'' shaped as eggholders (in order to keep the symbionts below their breathing chimneys). Note the annular suture of the pore plug. SEM graph x 5,000. '''C-E:''' from Hottinger, 1977. '''F:''' Perforation pattern on the dorsal surface of ''Challengerella persica'' (Recent, Persian Gulf): densely perforated porefields between imperforate ornamentation. SEM: oblique dorsal view of shell, x 30, and detail of porefield, x 500. '''G:''' Perforation pattern in Ammonia reyi MARIE (Pliocene, Dar bel Hamri, Northern Morocco): densely perforated porefields between loosely perforated ornaments. SEM graphs of dorsal shell view (x 30) with detail (x 500). '''F-G:''' from Billman et alii, 1980. 
Abbreviations: '''bD:''' basal (pore) disc; '''Cy:''' cytoplasm; '''iL:''' inner lamella; '''ilD:''' interlamellar disc; '''iol:''' interlamellar organic lining; '''ls:''' lacunar system (in the cytoplasm); '''M:''' mitochondria; '''ML:''' median layer separating inner from outer lamellas; '''OL:''' Organic lining (here difficult to separate from plasmalemma of host); '''ouL 1:''' primary outer lamella; '''ouL 2, 3:''' subsequent outer lamellas; '''P:''' pore; '''Pc:''' organic pore coat; '''Pl:''' plasmalemma; '''ppl:''' pore plug (note its porosity); '''Spl:''' (biomineralized) sieveplate; '''V:''' vacuole; (Hottinger, 2006; fig. 75C [http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2006_M02/index.html] '''CC'''/BY-NC-SA)]]

__FORCETOC__
==Definition==
*''according to Hottinger (2006):''
'''PORE-FIELDS''' - local concentrations of pores in certain areas on the surface of the chamber wall.












==References==
Billman, Hottinger & Oesterle (1980), Neogene to Recent Rotaliid Foraminifera from the Indopacific Ocean; their canal system, their classification and their stratigraphic use, Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Basel, N° 101, p. 71-113.

Hottinger (1977), Foraminifères operculiniformes, Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (Série C, Sciences de la terre), t. XL, 159 p. + 66 pls.

Hottinger (2006), [http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2006_M02/index.html Illustrated glossary of terms used in foraminiferal research]. [http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/uk-index.html Carnets de Géologie], [http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2006_M02/index.html Memoir 2], ISSN 1634-0744   
    
Leutenegger (1977), Ultrastructure de Foraminifères perforés et imperforés ainsi que de leur symbiotes, Cahiers de Micropaléontologie, Paris, fasc. 3-1977, 52 p. + 54 pls.
                                                       
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