View source for Flosculinisation

[[File:Fig 18.jpg|thumb|<font size="2">'''Fig. 1.'''  Basal layer and flosculinisation.
'''A:''' Unidentified, large miliolid, ''Fabularia roselli'' Caus and ''Dendritina sp.'' Randomly oblique sections. Uppermost Middle Eocene, Spanish Pyrenees. '''B:''' ''Idalina antiqua'' Munier-Chalmas et Schlumberger. More or less centered, subaxial sections. Santonian, Spanish Pyrenees. Note the proloculus wall illustrating the reduced thickness of the outermost layer of the primary chamber wall. The difference in the opacities of the basal layer and the primary outer chamber wall demonstrates how dissimilarly the discrete submicroscopic, porcelaneous wall textures react to diagenesis. '''C:''' ''Fabularia verseyi'' Cole, oblique section, from Jamaica, Middle Eocene, showing irregular tubiform, anastomosing passages in the basal layer. '''D-F:''' random sections of ''Pseudochubbina globularis'' (Smout), subspherical, and ''P. kassabi'' De Castro, flaring, showing parallel, rarely anastomosing tubiform passages in the basal layer, and an outer layer of more regular parallel chamberlets similar to attics, as also in Fabularia. Note the thin spirotheca extending into a lateral cover of the flaring portion of the test. Campanian, Iran. '''G:''' ''Alveolina daniensis'' Drobne, oblique sections near the equatorial plane. Compaction of the sediment has mechanically separated outer from inner whorls, revealing the thin spirotheca. Note lines of accretion parallel to the septum in the basal layer of flosculinized whorls. Lowermost Eocene, Slovenia. '''H:''' ''Alveolina tenuis'' Hottinger, axial section, showing columella produced by polar thickening of the basal layer. Note tubular passages in the columella, continuous in subsequent chambers, without interruption by preseptal spaces. Middle Eocene, Aquitaine, Southwestern France.
Abbreviations: '''bl:''' [[basal layer]]; '''prp:''' preseptal space or passage; '''s:''' [[septum]]; '''spth;''' spirotheka (outer wall of sucessive spiral chambers); '''tph:''' [[trematophore]]. Scale bars: 1mm; (Hottinger, 2006; fig. 18 [http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2006_M02/index.html] '''CC'''/BY-NC-SA)]]

__FORCETOC__
==Definition==
*''according to Hottinger (2006):''
'''FLOSCULINISATION''' -  a conspicuous thickening of the [[basal layer]] in the equatorial zone of miliolid and alveolinid shells. 


''Remarks:'' The term was derived from the ancient generic name ''Flosculina'' Stache by Schwager in 1883. Flosculinisation occurs not only in alveolinids but in other, unrelated porcelaneous genera as well. It may be restricted to a particular period of ontogenesis, or sometimes to two successive stages, and be combined with a polar thickening of the basal layer.
 

==See also==
*[[basal layer]]



==References==
Hottinger (2006), [http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2006_M02/index.html Illustrated glossary of terms used in foraminiferal research]. [http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/uk-index.html Carnets de Géologie], [http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2006_M02/index.html Memoir 2], ISSN 1634-0744   

Schwager (1883), Die Foraminiferen aus den Eocaenablagerungen der lybischen Wüste und Aegyptens, Palaeontographica, Stuttgart, vol. 30, p. 79-154 + 6 pls.            
                             | [[Foraminifera]]  |  [[EForams-LINKS|FORAM-Links]] | [[CONTRIBUTORS|Contributors]]