TAXONOMY

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Foraminiferal taxonomy is primarily based on the composition and morphology of the test. Unfortunately, "the division of the Foraminifera into subgroups is problematic; existing morphology-based schemes (e.g. Loeblich and Tappan 1988) are not fully consistent with molecular phylogenetic data ... Molecular analyses reveal that polythalamous tests evolved at least twice: in the lineage leading to a large radiation of agglutinated textulariids and calcareous rotaliids, and in the lineage leading to miliolids, characterized by microgranular, high-Mg calcitic walls" (after Pawlowski et al. 2003; from Adl et al. 2005 - p.418).

Domain: Eukaryota Whittaker & Margulis, 1978

Kingdom: Protista Haeckel, 1866 ..... See Phylogeny of Protista

PHYLUM Granoloreticulosa

ORDER Foraminiferida Eichwald, 1830

SUBORDER Allogromiina Loeblich and Tappan, 1961

SUBORDER Textulariina Delage & Herouard, 1896

SUPERFAMILY Hormosinacea Haeckel, 1894

• FAMILY Hormosinidae Haeckel, 1894

SUBFAMILY Reophacinae Cushman, 1919

SUPERFAMILY Lituolacea de Blainville, 1827

• FAMILY Haplophragmoididae Maync, 1952

SUBORDER Fusulinina Wedekind 1937

SUPERFAMILY Parathuramminacea Bykova, 1955

SUPERFAMILY Earlandiacea Cummings, 1955

SUPERFAMILY Archaediscacea Cushman 1928

SUPERFAMILY Moravamminacea Pokorny, 1951

SUPERFAMILY Nodosinellacea Rhumbler, 1895

SUPERFAMILY Ptychocladiacea Elias, 1950

SUPERFAMILY Endothyracea Brady, 1884

SUPERFAMILY Tetrataxacea Galloway, 1933

SUPERFAMILY Fusulinacea von Moeller, 1878

SUBORDER Involutinina Hohenegger & Piller, 1977

SUBORDER Spirillinina Hoheneger & Piller, 1975

• FAMILY Spirillinidae Reuss & fritsch, 1861

SUBORDER Miliolina Delage & Hérouard, 1896

SUPERFAMILY Cornuspiracea Schultze, 1854

• FAMILY Cornuspiridae Schultze, 1854

SUBFAMILY Cornuspirinae Schultze, 1854

SUPERFAMILY Miliolacea Ehrenberg, 1839

• FAMILY Spiroloculinidae Wiesner, 1920
• FAMILY Hauerinidae Schwager, 1876

SUBFAMILY Siphonapertinae Saidova, 1975

SUBFAMILY Hauerininae Schwager, 1876

SUBFAMILY Miliolinellinae Vella, 1957

SUBORDER Lagenina Delage & Hérouard, 1896

SUPERFAMILY Nodasariacea Ehrenberg, 1838

• FAMILY Vaginulinidae Reuss, 1860

SUBFAMILY Lenticulininae Chapman, Parr & Collins, 1934

SUBFAMILY Marginulininae Wedekind, 1937

• FAMILY Lagenidae Reuss, 1862
• FAMILY Polymorphinidae d'Orbigny, 1839

SUBFAMILY Polymorphininae d'Orbigny, 1839

• FAMILY Ellipsolagenidae Silvestri, 1923

SUBFAMILY Oolininae Loeblich & Tappan, 1961

SUBFAMILY Ellipsolageninae Silvestri, 1923

SUBFAMILY Parafissurininae Jones, 1984

SUBORDER Robertinina Loeblich & Tappan, 1984

SUPERFAMILY Ceratobuliminidae Cushman, 1927

• FAMILY Ceratobuliminidae Cushman, 1927

SUBFAMILY Ceratobulimininae Cushman, 1927

SUBORDER Rotaliina Delage & Hérouard, 1896

SUPERFAMILLY Bolivinacea Glaessner, 1937

• FAMILY Bolivinidae Glaessner, 1937

SUPERDAMILY Cassidulinacea d'Orbigny, 1839

• FAMILY Cassidulinidae d'Orbigny, 1839

SUBFAMILY Cassidulininae d'Orbigny, 1839

SUPERFAMILY Eouvigerinacea Cushman, 1927

• FAMILY Lacosteinidae Sigal, 1952

SUPERFAMILY Turrilinacea Cushman, 1927

• FAMILY Stainforthiidae Reiss, 1963

SUPERFAMILY Buliminacea Jones, 1875

• FAMILY Buliminidae Jones, 1875
• FAMILY Buliminellidae Hofker, 1951
• FAMILY Uvigerinidae Haeckel, 1894

SUBFAMILY Angulogerininae Galloway, 1933

SUPERFAMILY Fursenkoinacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1961

• FAMILY Virgulinelidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984

SUPERFAMILY Discorbacea Ehrenberg, 1838

• FAMILY Rosalinidae Reiss, 1963
• FAMILY Rotaliellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964

SUPERFAMILY Planorbulinacea Schwager, 1877

FAMILY Cibicidae Cushman, 1927

SUBFAMILY Cibicidinae Cushman, 1927

• FAMILY Planorbulinidae Schwager, 1877

SUBFAMILY Planorbulininae Schwager, 1877

SUPERFAMILY Asterigerinacea d'Orbigny, 1839

• FAMILY Asterigerinatidae Reiss, 1963

SUPERFAMILY Nonionacea Schultze, 1854

• FAMILY Nonionidae Schultze, 1854

SUBFAMILY Nonioninae Schultze, 1854

SUPERFAMILY Chilistomellacea Brady, 1881

• FAMILY Trichohylidae Saidova, 1981

SUPERFAMILY Rotaliacea Ehrenberg, 1839

• FAMILY Rotaliidae Ehrenberg, 1939

SUBFAMILY AMMONIINAE Saidova, 1981

• FAMILY Elphidiidae Galloway, 1933

SUBFAMILY Elphidiinae Galloway, 1933

SUBORDER Globigerinina Délage & Herouard, 1896

• FAMILY Globigerinidae
• FAMILY Globotruncanidae
• FAMILY Globorotaliidae

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Partly adopted & simplified after http://www.ifremer.fr/crema/PGSauriau/foraminifera/taxonomy/liste.html

See also: URBINO SUMMER SCHOOL IN PALEOCLIMATOLOGY, 2005, DEEP-SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA by Ellen Thomas